规模经济理论与我国的大企业战略

大企业战略是企业所选择的一种总体战略,在本质上,它属于发展战略的一种。企业采取这种战略往往表现为,规模的迅速扩张,资源的广泛占有,购并行动的加速,高市场占有率的执着追求等。本文从规模经济的角度分析我国的大企业战略。     

Entrepreneurship: The Role of Clusters Theoretical Perspectives and Empirical Evidence from Germany

This paper is about the impact of clusters on entrepreneurship at the regional level. Defining entrepreneurship as the creation of new organisations and clusters as a geographically proximate group of interconnected firms and associated institutions in related industries, this paper aims to answer three research questions : first, do clusters matter to entrepreneurship at the regional level? Second, if clusters are associated with different levels of entrepreneurship, what explains those differences? Third, what do the answers to the previous questions imply for academics and policy makers? To answer these questions, this paper distinguishes between clusters and industrial agglomerations and advances a theoretical model and empirical research to explain the impact of clusters on entrepreneurship at the regional level. This paper uses the 97 German planning regions as units of analysis to test the hypotheses. Using hypotheses testing and OLS fixed-effects model, this paper finds that clusters do have an impact on entrepreneurship at the regional level, but industrial agglomerations do not. Implications for academics and policy makers and suggestions for future research are given in the concluding section.     

制度创新与广交会发展研究

广交会自1957年建成以来在各级领导关心下已经历了45年的发展壮大,取得了丰硕的成果,在国内外享有盛名。然而,由于其本身还存在不少缺陷,加之受到国内外展览业的强劲挑战,迫切要求加快广交会的改革。利用新制度经济学的基本原理,对广交会的内外环境作了详尽分析,认为广交会要保持领先地位,必须加强制度创新。     

基于普查数据的中国劳动适龄人口分析

基于 2 0 0 0年人口普查数据 ,对中国劳动适龄人口的基本态势作了分析和概括 ,主要涉及劳动适龄人口的数量、增长率、自然结构、受教育程度以及劳动适龄人口分布与投资分布相互匹配的关系。中国劳动适龄人口总量庞大 ,增长迅速 ,其性别比下降 ,中位年龄增大 ,受教育程度不高 ,且存在着悬殊的地区差异。如何化解劳动适龄人口的巨大压力 ,改善就业状况 ,将是中国在今后一段很长时期内的重大问题     

Relationship between the curriculum system and the understanding of nutritional terms in elementary school children

To clarify the relation between the curriculum system and the understanding of nutrition terms, 944 students aged 8–12 years living in Japan, the USA and the UK, were asked about the recognition, medium for recognition, and understanding of nutrition terms. The effect of nutrition education from an early stage in elementary schools in the UK and the USA was confirmed. These results suggest the possibility of beginning nutrition education earlier in the elementary school in Japan. American students had paid attention to food labels. These results showed that a learning and teaching strategy founded on comprehensively based subjects in the USA had influenced good behaviour for dietary life. On the other hand, there was not a relationship between an understanding of nutrition terms and a developmental stage. Many students in three countries were influenced by television commercials to buy candy or soda. We think that it is important to develop a curriculum that includes practical learning and ensures hours of teaching for the purpose of acquirement of nutritional knowledge. It is also necessary to encourage critical thinking skills to evaluate television commercial messages through school lessons.     

基于地区经济差异的中央与地方财政体制研究

基于地区经济差异建立均衡的财政体制,首先要合理划分政府间的事权和财权,在实现地方财力与事权匹配的基础上实现中央财力与事权的匹配,最终实现中央与地方财力与事权的总体匹配。建立地区均衡财政体制的目标模式应将地区经济划分作为财政体制设计的基础,针对地区经济发展水平的差异设计不同的体制模式,对政府事权"分块"可对"共有事权"进行局部调整,以使地方财力与事权相匹配。     

人事管理经济学:一个述评

近10来年兴起的人事管理经济学是经济学原理运用于工商管理的一个典范。探讨人事管理经济学的产生、发展、主要理论成果是今后继续深入研究的课题,并简要评析了人事管理经济学的学术价值与应用价值。     

生态环境问题的制度分析

自20世纪60年代以来,地球上的生态环境问题在不断恶化。生态环境的破坏严重阻碍国民经济的增长和社会的发展。我国生态环境问题主要是由于生产的外部不经济、正式制度安排的缺陷和各种灾害造成的。为了保护生态环境,应从政治、经济和法律制度等方面探讨相应的制度对策,努力建立政府的生态行政系统。     

泛珠三角区域合作背景下的资本流动效应分析

泛珠三角区域合作是克服制度障碍的区域政策合作.泛殊三角区域政策合作的显性成效是资本流动收益增加,资本流动的潜在利用则取决于区域政策合作的深化结果.文章通过对比泛珠三角区域合作前后的资本流动规模与资本收益变化来分析泛珠三角区域合作对资本收益变化的具体影响,并在泛珠三角政策合作框架下预测区域资本流动的潜在利益.     

Indoctrination or education? Intention of unqualified teachers to transfer consumption norms in home economics teaching

Almost two thirds of home economics (HE) teachers in Sweden are formally unqualified (FU). Historically, HE has focused more on fostering and prescribing the ‘right’ choices whereas the modern (2011‐) curriculum focuses on teaching consequences of choices and giving students tools for assessing alternatives. Restraining from prescribing norms requires a high degree of professionalism. The objective of this study was to empirically investigate the prevalence of intentions of FU teachers to prescribe consumption norms not supported by the curriculum. Furthermore, to investigate to what extent these intentions are correlated with years of experience as a teacher, personal preferences, or personal consumption. The intention to transfer norms were measured using the concept of intentional misalignment applied to a survey distributed to a sample of FU teachers attending complementary teacher education. A two part survey was used. The first part consisted of multiple choice questions asking the teachers how important they saw it to transfer different consumption norms to their students (e.g. to consume local or organic food). These responses were evaluated quantitatively (Spearman rank correlation, Wilcoxon rank sum test and Kruskal‐Wallis analysis of variance). The second part consisted of an open‐ended question asking teachers to describe what they saw as the most important take‐home message for students in HE. The answers were compared to the national curriculum to identify intentions to transfer unsupported norms. The study indicates that more than a third of the FU HE teachers in Sweden express the intention to prescribe specific types of consumption or to transfer consumption norms that are not supported by the curriculum. The prevalence is correlated to personal preferences and thus indicates difficulties with keeping a professional perspective. These teachers must be given collegial support and opportunities for continued education–to ensure high‐quality HE education for future generations.